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dental plaque
Dental plaque is a biofilm or mass of bacteria that grows on surfaces within the mouth. It appears as a white or pale yellow "slime layer", that is commonly found between the teeth and along the cervical margins.〔Darby M L, Walsh M M. ''Dental Hygiene Theory and Practice''. 2010.〕 Dental plaque is also known as microbial plaque, oral biofilm, dental biofilm, dental plaque biofilm or bacterial plaque biofilm.〔 While plaque is commonly associated with oral diseases such as caries and periodontal diseases (gum diseases), its formation is a normal process that cannot be prevented.
Dental plaque can give rise to dental caries (tooth decay) – the localised destruction of the tissues of the tooth by acid produced from the bacterial degradation of fermentable sugar – and periodontal problems such as gingivitis and periodontitis.〔 Its progression and build up is what leads to oral problems, hence it is important to disrupt the mass of bacteria and remove it daily.〔Verkaik M, Busscher H, Jager D, Slomp A, Abbas F, van der Mei H. "Efficacy of natural antimicrobials in toothpaste formulations against oral biofilms in vitro". ''Journal of Dentistry''. 2011;39(3):218-224.〕 Plaque control and removal is achieved with correct tooth brushing and use of interdental aids such as dental floss and interdental brushes.〔
Removal of dental biofilm is important as it may become acidic causing demineralisation of the teeth (also known as caries) or harden into calculus (dental) (also known as tartar).〔Summitt J, R. J., Hilton T, Schwartz R. (2006). ''Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry''. 4350 Chandler Drive, Hanover Park, Illinois.〕 Calculus cannot be removed through toothbrushing or with interdental aids and can only be removed through professional cleaning.〔Wolf H and Hassell T (2006). ''Color Atlas of Dental Hygiene'', Thieme New York, 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, USA.〕 Therefore, removal of the dental biofilm will prevent the development of caries and gum diseases.〔
==Plaque formation==
Dental plaque is a biofilm that attaches to tooth surfaces, restorations and prosthetic appliances (including dentures, bridge (dentistry)) if left undisturbed. Understanding the formation, composition and characteristics of plaque helps in its control.〔Chetrus V and Ion I.R (2013). "Dental Plaque - Classification, Formation, and Identification." Int. J. Med. Detistry 3: 139-143.〕 An acquired pellicle is a layer of saliva that is composed of mainly glycoproteins and forms shortly after cleaning of the teeth or exposure of new teeth. Bacteria then attaches to the pellicle layer, forms micro-colonies, and matures on the tooth which can result in oral diseases. The following table provides a more detailed (six step) explanation of biofilm formation:
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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